Optimization path of Southeast Asia’s cross-border logistics network under the RCEP framework

I. Introduction
With the formal entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), cross-border trade in Southeast Asia has ushered in new development opportunities. As one of the most dynamic regions in global economic growth, the optimization of logistics networks among Southeast Asian countries has become the key to improving the level of regional economic integration. This paper aims to explore the optimization path of Southeast Asia’s cross-border logistics network under the RCEP framework.

2. Analysis of the impact of RCEP on the logistics industry in Southeast Asia
   Tariff reduction and exemption promotes trade growth: more than 90% of goods trade under RCEP will achieve zero tariffs, directly driving the increase in cross-border logistics demand

Simplified rules of origin: cumulative rules reduce corporate compliance costs and promote regional supply chain restructuring

Trade facilitation measures: simplify customs procedures and shorten customs clearance time

Opening up trade in services: market access in logistics, transportation and other fields is relaxed to attract foreign investment

3. Current status and challenges of Southeast Asia’s cross-border logistics network
   (I) Current status
   Imbalanced infrastructure: Singapore and Malaysia are relatively complete, while Cambodia, Laos and other countries are underdeveloped

Imperfect multimodal transport system: low efficiency of sea, land and air connection

Digitalization levels vary: Singapore and Thailand lead, while other countries lag behind

Logistics costs remain high: the average proportion of GDP is more than 20%

(II) Main challenges
Inconsistent standards among countries: customs procedures and transportation rules vary greatly

Low efficiency of border clearance: average clearance time exceeds the advanced level in the region

Difficulties in last-mile delivery: numerous islands and complex geographical environment

Shortage of professional talents: Insufficient compound talents in cross-border logistics

IV. Optimization path under the RCEP framework

(I) Interconnection of hardware infrastructure

Promote the construction of “land, sea and air” channels:

Improve the land transportation corridor of Indochina

Upgrade major port facilities (such as Port Klang and Laem Chabang Port)

Increase the construction of regional air cargo hubs

Build a multimodal transport system:

Develop seamless connection of “road-rail-sea”

Build cross-border logistics parks and transshipment centers

Promote standardized transportation equipment and containers

(II) Collaborative optimization of software systems
Promote the construction of digital logistics platforms:
Establish a unified logistics information exchange system in the RCEP region
Promote the application of blockchain technology in cross-border logistics
Develop intelligent customs clearance systems (such as ASEAN single window docking)
Standardization and rule coordination:
Unify logistics service standards and certification systems
Coordinate cross-border transportation regulations and policies
Establish a regional logistics service quality evaluation system
(III) Supply chain system reconstruction
Layout of regional logistics hub network:
Optimize the layout of warehousing facilities according to industrial distribution
Develop cross-border e-commerce logistics dedicated lines
Build an emergency logistics guarantee system
Cultivate modern logistics enterprises:
Support the regional development of local logistics enterprises
Introduce international advanced logistics operators
Develop third-party and fourth-party logistics services
(IV) Optimize policies and business environment
Implement RCEP trade facilitation measures:
Simplify customs procedures and document requirements
Promote “advance declaration” and “direct loading upon arrival” models
Establish a “green channel” for fast customs clearance
Strengthen regional cooperation mechanisms:
Establish a ministerial coordination mechanism for RCEP logistics
Promote cooperation in cross-border logistics talent training
Improve dispute settlement mechanisms
V. Suggestions on safeguard measures
Financial support: Utilize financing channels such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the ASEAN Infrastructure Fund
Technological innovation: Increase investment in logistics technology research and development and promote the application of smart logistics
Risk prevention and control: Establish a regional logistics emergency coordination mechanism
Sustainable development: Develop green logistics and reduce carbon emissions
Sixth, Conclusion
The implementation of RCEP provides institutional guarantees and market impetus for the optimization of Southeast Asia’s cross-border logistics network. Through the multi-dimensional paths of hardware interconnection, software collaboration, supply chain reconstruction and policy coordination, regional logistics efficiency can be effectively improved, logistics costs can be reduced, and ultimately the deep integration of the RCEP regional value chain can be promoted. In the future, countries need to strengthen cooperation to jointly build an efficient, intelligent and green Southeast Asian cross-border logistics system.