由 caicai8478 When transporting sensitive items (such as works of art and scientific research materials), international students must strictly abide by the customs and transportation regulations of various countries to avoid legal risks or detention of items. The following are key declaration processes and precautions:
I. Clarify the categories and restrictions of items
Artworks
Original works: Proof of ownership (such as student ID, records of the creation process) is required.
Containing sensitive materials (such as animal specimens, endangered species parts): Must comply with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) license.
High-value works: Professional valuation proof is required, and customs duties may be required (such as the value exceeds the duty-free limit of the destination country).
Scientific research materials
Biological samples/microorganisms: Dual licenses from the exporting country and the destination country are required (such as the US CDC, China’s “Regulations on the Management of Human Genetic Resources”).
Technical data/encryption software: Check whether it is subject to export controls (such as the US EAR, the EU “dual-use items” list).
Equipment/prototype: If it contains sensitive technology (such as AI, aerospace), it may require government approval (such as the US ITAR).
II. General declaration process
Document preparation
Commercial invoice: Describe the item in detail (material, size, value, purpose), and indicate “no commercial value” or “personal use” if applicable.
License: Apply in advance according to the type of item (such as CITES, export license).
Academic certificate: A letter issued by the school or tutor stating the academic purpose of the scientific research materials.
Transportation method selection
Express delivery (DHL/FedEx, etc.): Applicable to small items, fill in the electronic customs declaration form, and mark “Educational Materials” or “Artwork”.
Air/sea transportation: Large items must be shipped through a professional freight forwarder and use an ATA carnet (temporary duty-free import, limited to exhibition items).
Customs declaration
HS code: Fill in the commodity code accurately (such as 9701 for artworks and 9018 for scientific research equipment).
Special requirements of the country of destination:
USA: Artworks over 100 years old require a cultural property import permit (CBP Form 5106).
EU: Scientific research samples may require “Prior Notification”.
III. Special tips for high-risk items
Cultural property: Some countries prohibit the export of cultural relics (e.g. China’s Cultural Relics Protection Law restricts the export of cultural relics before 1949).
Dual-use research: Involving gene editing, nanotechnology, etc. may trigger security reviews (e.g. Australia’s Defense Trade Control Act).
IV. Recommended actions
Advance consultation: Contact the embassy or customs of the destination country to confirm the latest regulations.
Purchase insurance: Cover damage or loss during transportation (especially high-value items).
Professional agency: For complex cases, it is recommended to entrust a compliant international freight company (such as UPS Trade Management).
Consequences of violations: Failure to declare sensitive items may result in fines, confiscation, or even criminal charges (such as the US Export Control Reform Act ECRA). Be sure to handle with caution!