由 caicai8478 The following is the framework and content of an analytical article on the relationship between China’s photovoltaic industry and the global green transformation for your reference:
New energy game: China’s photovoltaic “dumping” hinders the global green transformation?
Introduction
In recent years, China’s photovoltaic industry has occupied more than 70% of the global market share with overwhelming cost advantages and scale effects, but European and American countries frequently impose tariffs on Chinese photovoltaic products on the grounds of “dumping” and “overcapacity”. Behind this trade game, is it protectionism at work, or does China’s photovoltaic industry really hinder the global green transformation? The answer may be far more complicated than it seems.
- China’s global contribution to photovoltaics: an accelerator of green transformation
The promoter of cost reduction
Through technological innovation and industrial chain integration, China has reduced the price of photovoltaic modules from US$4/W in 2008 to US$0.15/W in 2023, driving the global cost of solar power generation down by 82% (according to IRENA data).
Case: The penetration rate of off-grid photovoltaic projects in Kenya, Africa has increased by 300% due to China’s low-priced modules.
The invisible role of technology export
Chinese companies are leading in key technology fields such as PERC, TOPCon, and perovskite, and transfer technology by setting up factories overseas (such as Longi in Malaysia and Jinko in the United States).
Pillar of emission reduction targets
According to statistics from the International Energy Agency (IEA), China’s photovoltaic production capacity will meet 90% of the world’s new renewable energy installation needs in 2022, directly helping many countries to achieve their commitments in the Paris Agreement.
- The essence of the trade dispute: green transformation or industrial competition?
Logical contradictions in European and American accusations
“Dumping” dispute: The EU has imposed anti-dumping duties on Chinese photovoltaics since 2013, but was forced to suspend it in 2022 due to the energy crisis (imports of Chinese components surged 53%).
Overcapacity doubts: China’s photovoltaic production capacity does exceed domestic demand by 4 times, but the global carbon neutrality target requires an additional 630GW of photovoltaics per year (current production capacity is only enough to cover 60%).
Geo-economic game
The US Inflation Reduction Act subsidizes domestic clean energy with $369 billion, which is essentially “protection in the name of environmental protection”.
The EU Carbon Border Tax (CBAM) includes photovoltaic modules in the scope and is accused of being a “green trade barrier”.
- Focus of controversy: Does China’s photovoltaic industry distort the market?
Supporters’ viewpoint:
“Without China’s low-priced components, developing countries simply cannot afford the green transformation”–Report by TERI, an Indian energy think tank
Opposition viewpoint:
“Long-term low prices have led to the bankruptcy of local European companies, which has weakened their technological research and development capabilities”–Statement of the EU Photovoltaic Industry Alliance
Data comparison:
Regional photovoltaic jobs (2012 vs 2022) Component price changes Europe 180,000 → 60,000 + 27% (after tariffs) Global 1.2 million → 4 million – 82%
IV. Breakthrough path: from game to symbiosis
Reconstructing the division of labor in the global industrial chain
China focuses on high-energy-consuming links such as silicon materials and silicon wafers, while Europe and the United States develop downstream system integration (such as the smart inverter technology of SolarEdge in Germany).
Dynamic tariff mechanism
Refer to the WTO “green exception clause” and implement tiered tariffs on photovoltaic imports from developing countries.
Joint Technology Fund
China, the United States and Europe jointly invest in the establishment of a photovoltaic research and development fund (similar to the ITER nuclear fusion cooperation model) and share perovskite technology patents.
Conclusion: There are no winners in green protectionism
When the climate crisis is imminent, politicizing photovoltaic trade will only delay the global emission reduction process. The real solution may be to recognize the phased advantages of China’s photovoltaic industry and transform it into a green dividend for all mankind through multilateral cooperation. As La Camera, director of the International Renewable Energy Agency, said: “Every minute the sun shines on the earth, we are paying the price for arguing.”
Expanded thinking direction:
Should China’s photovoltaic industry go overseas from “product output” to “standard output” (such as participating in the formulation of BIPV international standards)?
Will the new energy game repeat the script of the “rare earth war”?
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