Comparison of major global markets: Differences in China’s dangerous goods exports to Europe, America and Southeast Asia

China is an important exporter of dangerous goods (such as chemicals, batteries, flammable items, etc.) in the world, and its main target markets include Europe, America (EU, US) and Southeast Asia. Different markets have significant differences in regulatory requirements, transportation standards, customs clearance procedures and market demand. The following is the main comparative analysis:

1. Differences in regulations and standards
   Project European and American markets (EU/US) Southeast Asian markets
   Regulatory system Strict, the EU follows CLP, REACH, ADR; the US follows DOT, EPA, etc. Relatively loose, some countries refer to European and American standards (such as Singapore)
   Certification requirements SDS (Safety Data Sheet), UN certification, CE/UL mark, etc. are required. Some countries require SDS, but the certification process is relatively simple
   Labeling and packaging GHS standard, bilingual (English + local language), packaging requires UN certification Labeling requirements are relatively low, some countries accept Chinese or English
   Key points: Europe and the United States have stricter requirements on the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous goods, and violations may result in returns or fines; some Southeast Asian countries (such as Vietnam and Indonesia) have more flexible regulations, but emerging markets (such as Singapore and Malaysia) are gradually becoming stricter.
2. Differences in transportation and logistics
   Project European and American markets Southeast Asian markets
   Transportation methods Mainly sea transportation (IMDG certification required), some air transportation (IATA standard) Mainly sea transportation, some land transportation (China-Laos Railway, ASEAN Highway)
   Transportation time Longer (about 30-45 days for European and American sea transportation) Shorter (7-15 days for Southeast Asian sea transportation)
   Cost Higher (surcharges, insurance premiums, compliance costs) Lower (tariff concessions, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement)
   Key points: European and American transportation costs are high and require professional dangerous goods logistics companies; Southeast Asian transportation is convenient, but it should be noted that the ports in some countries are inefficient (such as the Philippines and Indonesia).
3. Customs clearance and document requirements
   Project European and American markets Southeast Asian markets
   Customs clearance process Strict, dangerous goods properties must be declared in advance, high inspection rate Relatively simple, but some countries have a high risk of corruption (such as Vietnam)
   Document requirements SDS, UN38.3 (batteries), shipping declaration, import license, etc. Basic commercial invoice, SDS, some require local certification
   Tariffs High (the United States imposes tariffs on some Chinese chemicals) Low to zero tariffs (ASEAN Free Trade Agreement)
   Key points: Customs clearance in Europe and the United States requires professional agents, and Southeast Asia needs to pay attention to the integrity of documents to avoid detention.
4. Market demand and trends
   European and American markets: stable demand, but fierce competition, customers are more concerned about environmental compliance (such as halogen-free, low-carbon requirements).

Southeast Asian market: fast growth (expansion of electronics and chemical industries), high price sensitivity, and rising demand in emerging markets (such as Thailand and Vietnam).

Summary and suggestions
European and American exports: Prioritize compliance, invest in certification and professional logistics; pay attention to new EU regulations (such as the Battery Regulation 2027).

Exports to Southeast Asia: Take advantage of tariff advantages and choose efficient ports (such as Singapore and Malaysia); gradually adapt to upgrades in local regulations.