由 caicai8478 The following is a detailed guide on the classification and identification and declaration of dangerous goods and UN numbers. The content is clearly structured and easy to operate:
I. Classification of dangerous goods: 9 categories and sub-items
According to the United Nations “Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods” (TDG) and national regulations (such as China GB 6944, US DOT 49 CFR), dangerous goods are divided into the following categories:
Category Description Common examples
Category 1: Explosives 1.1 (mass explosion) to 1.6 (extremely insensitive) Fireworks, explosives (UN 0336)
Category 2: Gases 2.1 Flammable gases (such as propane), 2.2 Non-flammable and non-toxic gases (such as nitrogen), 2.3 Toxic gases (such as chlorine) Lighters (UN 1057), oxygen cylinders (UN 1072)
Category 3: Flammable liquids Liquids with a flash point of ≤60°C (such as gasoline, alcohol) Gasoline (UN 1203), ethanol (UN 1170)
Category 4: Flammable solids 4.1 Flammable solids (such as sulfur), 4.2 Self-igniting substances (such as white phosphorus), 4.3 Flammable in contact with water (such as sodium) Magnesium powder (UN 1418), sodium (UN 1428)
Class 5: Oxidants 5.1 Oxidants (such as potassium permanganate), 5.2 Organic peroxides (such as benzoyl peroxide) Hydrogen peroxide (UN 2014)
Class 6: Toxic substances 6.1 Toxic substances (such as cyanide), 6.2 Infectious substances Pesticides (UN 3018), medical waste (UN 3291)
Class 7: Radioactive materials Class I (low activity) to Class III (high activity) Uranium ore (UN 2912)
Class 8: Corrosive substances Acids/alkalis (such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide) Sulfuric acid (UN 1830), sodium hydroxide (UN 1823)
Class 9: Miscellaneous Including lithium batteries, asbestos, environmentally hazardous substances, etc. Lithium batteries (UN 3480), dry ice (UN 1845)
II. UN number (United Nations number)
Definition: 4-digit code (such as UN 1203), established by the United Nations, uniquely identifies specific dangerous goods.
Query channel:
“Dangerous Goods List” (TDG Chapter 3).
Official database: such as China’s “Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals”, US EPA list, EU CLP regulations.
SDS (Safety Data Sheet) provided by the supplier: Part 14 clearly marks the UN number and transportation information.
III. Steps to correctly identify dangerous goods
Check product labels/SDS: look for GHS pictograms, hazard category codes (such as “Flamm. Liq. 3”).
Match UN number: query the corresponding UN number by name or CAS number (such as “ethanol” corresponds to UN 1170).
Verify packaging level: divided into Ⅰ (high hazard), Ⅱ (medium hazard), Ⅲ (low hazard) according to the degree of hazard.
IV. Declaration process and key documents
Pre-transportation preparation:
MSDS/SDS: Make sure it contains transport classification information.
Packaging certification: Comply with UN specifications (e.g. UN 4G/X for fiberboard boxes).
Marking and labeling: Clearly mark the UN number, official shipping name (e.g. “UN 1170, ETHANOL”), and hazard label (e.g. Class 3 flammable liquids).
Declaration documents:
Sea transportation: Fill in the “Dangerous Goods Declaration Form” (DGD) and attach the inspection report.
Air transportation: Provide the “Air Waybill” (AWB) and IATA DGR compliance statement.
Land transportation: Europe requires an ADR agreement, and China requires a “Road Transport Permit”.
Special requirements:
Lithium batteries: Provide a UN 38.3 test report.
Limited exemptions: Complying with TDG Chapter 3.4 can simplify packaging (e.g. small-volume chemicals).
- Common mistakes and avoidance
Wrong classification: For example, “alcohol-containing hand sanitizer (UN 1170)” is misreported as ordinary cargo.
Solution: Refer to the latest version of TDG or consult professional organizations.
Missing UN number: For example, failure to mark “UN 1993” leads to transportation delays.
Solution: Double-check SDS and shipping list.
Mixed cargo: Mixing different types of dangerous goods triggers reactions (such as oxidizers and flammables).
Solution: Follow the isolation table (such as 2 meters between Class 5.1 and Class 3).
- Resource recommendation
Tools: CHEMMATE, DGIS and other databases to query UN numbers.
Regulations: China’s “Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals”, IATA DGR (air transport), IMDG Code (sea transport).