由 lltx1822 Precautions for Shipping Chemicals and Hazardous Materials Internationally
Shipping chemicals and hazardous materials internationally requires strict adherence to safety regulations, proper classification, and specialized handling to prevent accidents, environmental harm, and legal penalties. Correct classification and labeling are foundational. All hazardous materials must be classified according to the UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS), with assigned UN numbers, hazard classes, and packing groups. For example, sulfuric acid is classified as UN1830, Class 8 (corrosive), Packing Group II, requiring labels with corrosive symbols, UN number, and handling instructions in the destination language.
Approved packaging and containment prevent leaks. Hazardous materials must be shipped in UN-certified packaging designed to withstand their specific hazards—corrosive-resistant containers for acids, pressure vessels for gases, or explosion-proof packaging for flammables. For example, lithium-ion batteries (UN3480) are shipped in rigid, non-conductive boxes with dividers to prevent short circuits, with outer packaging marked “Lithium Ion Batteries—Forbidden for Transport Aboard Passenger Aircraft” if applicable.
Documentation and permits ensure compliance. Required documents include a Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) signed by a qualified person, material safety data sheets (MSDS/SDS) in the destination language, and any necessary import/export permits. For example, shipping pesticides to the EU requires a DGD, SDS with EU-specific hazard statements, and approval from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) confirming the product is registered under REACH.
Training and certification for handlers. Personnel involved in packing, loading, or transporting hazardous materials must be trained and certified in accordance with international standards (IMDG for sea, IATA for air). Training covers hazard identification, emergency response, and proper handling—e.g., a truck driver transporting flammable liquids learns to use fire extinguishers, avoid sparks, and respond to spills. Certification must be renewed every 2-3 years to stay current with regulation changes.
Emergency response planning minimizes risks. Each shipment should include an emergency response plan with contact information for local authorities, spill cleanup procedures, and first aid measures. Carriers must have spill kits, protective equipment (gloves, goggles), and communication devices readily available. For example, a tanker shipping industrial solvents across Europe carries spill containment booms, absorbent pads, and a 24/7 emergency hotline to local hazardous materials teams.